In July this year (2026), a French group published a review article titled ‘Autoimmunity and peginterferon therapy for polycythemia vera‘.

“In this narrative review, we provide an overview of how peginterferon can induce autoimmunity in genetically susceptible individuals with pre-existing subclinical autoimmunity. Pre-treatment risk assessment, including personal/family history of autoimmune disease and consideration of baseline thyroid function and anti-GAD antibodies in high-risk patients, may identify those at elevated risk for irreversible complications, particularly Type 1 diabetes. Targeted clinical and laboratory monitoring throughout therapy and for 12–24 months post-cessation can enable early detection and appropriate intervention.”

The full review article is in HemaSphere so it is free to access in full.